Grices maxims

Grice came up with four maxims:

.The maxim of quality: where one tries to be truthful, and does not give information that is false or                                        that is not supported by evidence.

.The maxim of quantity: where one tries to be as informative as one possibly can, and gives as much                                         information as is needed, and no more.

.The maxim of relation: where one tries to be relevant, and says things that are pertinent to the                                        discussion.

.The maxim of manner: when one tries to be as clear, as brief, and as orderly as one can in what one                                        says, and where one avoids obscurity and ambiguity.

Grice said that all of these maxims make up the cooperative principle. All of these maxims are used to enable effective conversation. All of these maxims come from the pragmatics of natural language. Each maxim explain the link between utterances.

Foucault

Foucault said that power is in the institutions, not in the people that make the institutions function. He believed that modern disciplines seem to dis individualise power. He believed that a person acts differently when they are being watched, for example a student in a school acts differently because of the watch of a teacher.

Bourdieu

He sees power as culturally and symbolically created. He believed that power is primarily focused on the body and the bodies dispositions. More physical than vocal. Bourdieu said that there are groups which he called fields. Within these fields people compete to gain power and through this a hierarchy is formed. He also thought that within society there are social agents and that these social agents develop strategies without realising it which adapt them to the society they live in.